For the better part of the first eleven chapters of this letter, Paul’s opponents have remained largely nameless, with only occasional allusions to their practices and characteristics, as in those who peddle the word of God for profit, those needing letters of recommendation to you or from you, those who take pride in what is seen rather than in what is in the heart, and those who commend themselves. But having clearly identified the serious spiritual dangers of their work in 11:1-4, Paul, at last, exposes them for exactly who and what they were, in a message entitled, “Pulling Back the Curtain on Pseudo Ministry”. 2 Corinthians 11:5-15 is a cogent reminder of the important need and responsibility for spiritual discernment and watchcare, for our own sakes as well as the sake of others.